mbed TLS  Version 2.9.0
SSL/TLS Library for the Embedded Space
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dhm.h File Reference

Data Structures

struct  mbedtls_dhm_context
 The DHM context structure. More...
 

Macros

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA   -0x3080
 Bad input parameters. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_READ_PARAMS_FAILED   -0x3100
 Reading of the DHM parameters failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_MAKE_PARAMS_FAILED   -0x3180
 Making of the DHM parameters failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_READ_PUBLIC_FAILED   -0x3200
 Reading of the public values failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_MAKE_PUBLIC_FAILED   -0x3280
 Making of the public value failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_CALC_SECRET_FAILED   -0x3300
 Calculation of the DHM secret failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_INVALID_FORMAT   -0x3380
 The ASN.1 data is not formatted correctly. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_ALLOC_FAILED   -0x3400
 Allocation of memory failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_FILE_IO_ERROR   -0x3480
 Read or write of file failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_HW_ACCEL_FAILED   -0x3500
 DHM hardware accelerator failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_SET_GROUP_FAILED   -0x3580
 Setting the modulus and generator failed. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_STRING_CONSTANT(VAL)   VAL
 RFC 3526, RFC 5114 and RFC 7919 standardize a number of Diffie-Hellman groups, some of which are included here for use within the SSL/TLS module and the user's convenience when configuring the Diffie-Hellman parameters by hand through mbedtls_ssl_conf_dh_param. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC5114_MODP_2048_P
 The hexadecimal presentation of the prime underlying the 2048-bit MODP Group with 224-bit Prime Order Subgroup, as defined in RFC-5114: Additional Diffie-Hellman Groups for Use with IETF Standards. More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC5114_MODP_2048_G
 The hexadecimal presentation of the chosen generator of the 2048-bit MODP Group with 224-bit Prime Order Subgroup, as defined in RFC-5114: Additional Diffie-Hellman Groups for Use with IETF Standards.
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_2048_P
 The hexadecimal presentation of the prime underlying the 2048-bit MODP Group, as defined in RFC-3526: More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE). More...
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_2048_G   MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_STRING_CONSTANT( "02" )
 The hexadecimal presentation of the chosen generator of the 2048-bit MODP Group, as defined in RFC-3526: More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_3072_P
 The hexadecimal presentation of the prime underlying the 3072-bit MODP Group, as defined in RFC-3072: More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_3072_G   MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_STRING_CONSTANT( "02" )
 The hexadecimal presentation of the chosen generator of the 3072-bit MODP Group, as defined in RFC-3526: More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_4096_P
 The hexadecimal presentation of the prime underlying the 4096-bit MODP Group, as defined in RFC-3526: More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_4096_G   MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_STRING_CONSTANT( "02" )
 The hexadecimal presentation of the chosen generator of the 4096-bit MODP Group, as defined in RFC-3526: More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_2048_P_BIN
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_2048_G_BIN   { 0x02 }
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_3072_P_BIN
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_3072_G_BIN   { 0x02 }
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_4096_P_BIN
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_4096_G_BIN   { 0x02 }
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE2048_P_BIN
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE2048_G_BIN   { 0x02 }
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE3072_P_BIN
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE3072_G_BIN   { 0x02 }
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE4096_P_BIN
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE4096_G_BIN   { 0x02 }
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE6144_P_BIN
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE6144_G_BIN   { 0x02 }
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE8192_P_BIN
 
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC7919_FFDHE8192_G_BIN   { 0x02 }
 

Functions

void mbedtls_dhm_init (mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx)
 This function initializes the DHM context. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_read_params (mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx, unsigned char **p, const unsigned char *end)
 This function parses the ServerKeyExchange parameters. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_make_params (mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx, int x_size, unsigned char *output, size_t *olen, int(*f_rng)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t), void *p_rng)
 This function sets up and writes the ServerKeyExchange parameters. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_set_group (mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx, const mbedtls_mpi *P, const mbedtls_mpi *G)
 This function sets the prime modulus and generator. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_read_public (mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx, const unsigned char *input, size_t ilen)
 This function imports the public value of the peer, G^Y. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_make_public (mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx, int x_size, unsigned char *output, size_t olen, int(*f_rng)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t), void *p_rng)
 This function creates its own private key, X, and exports G^X. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_calc_secret (mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx, unsigned char *output, size_t output_size, size_t *olen, int(*f_rng)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t), void *p_rng)
 This function derives and exports the shared secret (G^Y)^X mod P. More...
 
void mbedtls_dhm_free (mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx)
 This function frees and clears the components of a DHM context. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_parse_dhm (mbedtls_dhm_context *dhm, const unsigned char *dhmin, size_t dhminlen)
 This function parses DHM parameters in PEM or DER format. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_parse_dhmfile (mbedtls_dhm_context *dhm, const char *path)
 This function loads and parses DHM parameters from a file. More...
 
int mbedtls_dhm_self_test (int verbose)
 The DMH checkup routine. More...
 

Description

This file contains Diffie-Hellman-Merkle (DHM) key exchange definitions and functions.

Diffie-Hellman-Merkle (DHM) key exchange is defined in RFC-2631: Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Method and Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) #3: Diffie Hellman Key Agreement Standard.

RFC-3526: More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE) defines a number of standardized Diffie-Hellman groups for IKE.

RFC-5114: Additional Diffie-Hellman Groups for Use with IETF Standards defines a number of standardized Diffie-Hellman groups that can be used.

Warning
The security of the DHM key exchange relies on the proper choice of prime modulus - optimally, it should be a safe prime. The usage of non-safe primes both decreases the difficulty of the underlying discrete logarithm problem and can lead to small subgroup attacks leaking private exponent bits when invalid public keys are used and not detected. This is especially relevant if the same DHM parameters are reused for multiple key exchanges as in static DHM, while the criticality of small-subgroup attacks is lower for ephemeral DHM.
For performance reasons, the code does neither perform primality nor safe primality tests, nor the expensive checks for invalid subgroups. Moreover, even if these were performed, non-standardized primes cannot be trusted because of the possibility of backdoors that can't be effectively checked for.
Diffie-Hellman-Merkle is therefore a security risk when not using standardized primes generated using a trustworthy ("nothing up my sleeve") method, such as the RFC 3526 / 7919 primes. In the TLS protocol, DH parameters need to be negotiated, so using the default primes systematically is not always an option. If possible, use Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH), which has better performance, and for which the TLS protocol mandates the use of standard parameters.

Data Structure Documentation

struct mbedtls_dhm_context

The DHM context structure.

Data Fields
mbedtls_mpi G

The generator.

mbedtls_mpi GX

Our public key = G^X mod P.

mbedtls_mpi GY

The public key of the peer = G^Y mod P.

mbedtls_mpi K

The shared secret = G^(XY) mod P.

size_t len

The size of P in Bytes.

mbedtls_mpi P

The prime modulus.

mbedtls_mpi pX

The previous X.

mbedtls_mpi RP

The cached value = R^2 mod P.

mbedtls_mpi Vf

The unblinding value.

mbedtls_mpi Vi

The blinding value.

mbedtls_mpi X

Our secret value.

Macro Definition Documentation

#define MBEDTLS_DEPRECATED_STRING_CONSTANT (   VAL)    VAL

RFC 3526, RFC 5114 and RFC 7919 standardize a number of Diffie-Hellman groups, some of which are included here for use within the SSL/TLS module and the user's convenience when configuring the Diffie-Hellman parameters by hand through mbedtls_ssl_conf_dh_param.

The following lists the source of the above groups in the standards:

  • RFC 5114 section 2.2: 2048-bit MODP Group with 224-bit Prime Order Subgroup
  • RFC 3526 section 3: 2048-bit MODP Group
  • RFC 3526 section 4: 3072-bit MODP Group
  • RFC 3526 section 5: 4096-bit MODP Group
  • RFC 7919 section A.1: ffdhe2048
  • RFC 7919 section A.2: ffdhe3072
  • RFC 7919 section A.3: ffdhe4096
  • RFC 7919 section A.4: ffdhe6144
  • RFC 7919 section A.5: ffdhe8192

The constants with suffix "_p" denote the chosen prime moduli, while the constants with suffix "_g" denote the chosen generator of the associated prime field.

The constants further suffixed with "_bin" are provided in binary format, while all other constants represent null-terminated strings holding the hexadecimal presentation of the respective numbers.

The primes from RFC 3526 and RFC 7919 have been generating by the following trust-worthy procedure:

  • Fix N in { 2048, 3072, 4096, 6144, 8192 } and consider the N-bit number the first and last 64 bits are all 1, and the remaining N - 128 bits of which are 0x7ff...ff.
  • Add the smallest multiple of the first N - 129 bits of the binary expansion of pi (for RFC 5236) or e (for RFC 7919) to this intermediate bit-string such that the resulting integer is a safe-prime.
  • The result is the respective RFC 3526 / 7919 prime, and the corresponding generator is always chosen to be 2 (which is a square for these prime, hence the corresponding subgroup has order (p-1)/2 and avoids leaking a bit in the private exponent).
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC3526_MODP_2048_P

The hexadecimal presentation of the prime underlying the 2048-bit MODP Group, as defined in RFC-3526: More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE).

Deprecated:
The hex-encoded primes from RFC 3625 are deprecated and superseded by the corresponding macros providing them as binary constants. Their hex-encoded constants are likely to be removed in a future version of the library.
#define MBEDTLS_DHM_RFC5114_MODP_2048_P

The hexadecimal presentation of the prime underlying the 2048-bit MODP Group with 224-bit Prime Order Subgroup, as defined in RFC-5114: Additional Diffie-Hellman Groups for Use with IETF Standards.

Warning
The origin of the primes in RFC 5114 is not documented and their use therefore constitutes a security risk!
Deprecated:
The hex-encoded primes from RFC 5114 are deprecated and are likely to be removed in a future version of the library without replacement.
#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_ALLOC_FAILED   -0x3400

Allocation of memory failed.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_BAD_INPUT_DATA   -0x3080

Bad input parameters.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_CALC_SECRET_FAILED   -0x3300

Calculation of the DHM secret failed.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_FILE_IO_ERROR   -0x3480

Read or write of file failed.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_HW_ACCEL_FAILED   -0x3500

DHM hardware accelerator failed.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_INVALID_FORMAT   -0x3380

The ASN.1 data is not formatted correctly.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_MAKE_PARAMS_FAILED   -0x3180

Making of the DHM parameters failed.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_MAKE_PUBLIC_FAILED   -0x3280

Making of the public value failed.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_READ_PARAMS_FAILED   -0x3100

Reading of the DHM parameters failed.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_READ_PUBLIC_FAILED   -0x3200

Reading of the public values failed.

#define MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_SET_GROUP_FAILED   -0x3580

Setting the modulus and generator failed.

Function Documentation

int mbedtls_dhm_calc_secret ( mbedtls_dhm_context ctx,
unsigned char *  output,
size_t  output_size,
size_t *  olen,
int(*)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t)  f_rng,
void *  p_rng 
)

This function derives and exports the shared secret (G^Y)^X mod P.

Note
If f_rng is not NULL, it is used to blind the input as a countermeasure against timing attacks. Blinding is used only if our private key X is re-used, and not used otherwise. We recommend always passing a non-NULL f_rng argument.
Parameters
ctxThe DHM context.
outputThe destination buffer.
output_sizeThe size of the destination buffer. Must be at least the size of ctx->len (the size of P).
olenOn exit, holds the actual number of Bytes written.
f_rngThe RNG function, for blinding purposes.
p_rngThe RNG context.
Returns
0 on success.
An MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_XXX error code on failure.
void mbedtls_dhm_free ( mbedtls_dhm_context ctx)

This function frees and clears the components of a DHM context.

Parameters
ctxThe DHM context to free and clear.
void mbedtls_dhm_init ( mbedtls_dhm_context ctx)

This function initializes the DHM context.

Parameters
ctxThe DHM context to initialize.
int mbedtls_dhm_make_params ( mbedtls_dhm_context ctx,
int  x_size,
unsigned char *  output,
size_t *  olen,
int(*)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t)  f_rng,
void *  p_rng 
)

This function sets up and writes the ServerKeyExchange parameters.

Note
The destination buffer must be large enough to hold the reduced binary presentation of the modulus, the generator and the public key, each wrapped with a 2-byte length field. It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that enough space is available. Refer to mbedtls_mpi_size to computing the byte-size of an MPI.
This function assumes that ctx->P and ctx->G have already been properly set. For that, use mbedtls_dhm_set_group() below in conjunction with mbedtls_mpi_read_binary() and mbedtls_mpi_read_string().
Parameters
ctxThe DHM context.
x_sizeThe private key size in Bytes.
olenThe number of characters written.
outputThe destination buffer.
f_rngThe RNG function.
p_rngThe RNG context.
Returns
0 on success.
An MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_XXX error code on failure.
int mbedtls_dhm_make_public ( mbedtls_dhm_context ctx,
int  x_size,
unsigned char *  output,
size_t  olen,
int(*)(void *, unsigned char *, size_t)  f_rng,
void *  p_rng 
)

This function creates its own private key, X, and exports G^X.

Note
The destination buffer is always fully written so as to contain a big-endian representation of G^X mod P. If it is larger than ctx->len, it is padded accordingly with zero-bytes at the beginning.
Parameters
ctxThe DHM context.
x_sizeThe private key size in Bytes.
outputThe destination buffer.
olenThe length of the destination buffer. Must be at least equal to ctx->len (the size of P).
f_rngThe RNG function.
p_rngThe RNG context.
Returns
0 on success.
An MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_XXX error code on failure.
int mbedtls_dhm_read_params ( mbedtls_dhm_context ctx,
unsigned char **  p,
const unsigned char *  end 
)

This function parses the ServerKeyExchange parameters.

Parameters
ctxThe DHM context.
pOn input, *p must be the start of the input buffer. On output, *p is updated to point to the end of the data that has been read. On success, this is the first byte past the end of the ServerKeyExchange parameters. On error, this is the point at which an error has been detected, which is usually not useful except to debug failures.
endThe end of the input buffer.
Returns
0 on success.
An MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_XXX error code on failure.
int mbedtls_dhm_read_public ( mbedtls_dhm_context ctx,
const unsigned char *  input,
size_t  ilen 
)

This function imports the public value of the peer, G^Y.

Parameters
ctxThe DHM context.
inputThe input buffer containing the G^Y value of the peer.
ilenThe size of the input buffer.
Returns
0 on success.
An MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_XXX error code on failure.
int mbedtls_dhm_self_test ( int  verbose)

The DMH checkup routine.

Returns
0 on success.
1 on failure.
int mbedtls_dhm_set_group ( mbedtls_dhm_context ctx,
const mbedtls_mpi P,
const mbedtls_mpi G 
)

This function sets the prime modulus and generator.

Note
This function can be used to set P, G in preparation for mbedtls_dhm_make_params().
Parameters
ctxThe DHM context.
PThe MPI holding the DHM prime modulus.
GThe MPI holding the DHM generator.
Returns
0 if successful.
An MBEDTLS_ERR_DHM_XXX error code on failure.